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Alopecia

This is a general term for baldness, of which there are a number of different varieties. Some types are permanent while others are only temporary, albeit the time scale can vary enormously.

Trichotillomania

This form of hair loss is caused by pulling out one's own hair, usually without realising it. In young children it often occurs after the birth of a new child, to get the attention of the parents.

If the child is right-handed the baldness will tend to be greater on the right side of the head. It usually stops with the knowledge that one is pulling out one's own hair, but nervous" twiddling" of hair carries on throughout life in some individuals.

Severe cases of dandruff are caused by a disease called seborrhoeic eczema or seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Seborrhoeic dermatitis causes greasy, bran-like scale. The seborrhoeic area - the scalp, the skin around the nose, the lines on the cheeks, the eyebrows, the ears and the torso - may also be red and itchy.

Seborrhoeic dermatitis becomes worse during the winter and tends to improve during the summer when sunlight relieves the symptoms.

It can vary from mild cases, which are only a problem in winter, to more severe cases where flaking occurs in places other than just the scalp.